A unique 10-character alphanumeric identifier issued by the Income Tax Department to every taxpayer. Mandatory for financial transactions above specified thresholds including opening a bank account
Non-cash benefits provided by an employer to an employee in addition to salary
A concept under GST that determines whether a transaction is interstate or intrastate
The practice of using shares as collateral to obtain a loan or margin from a broker or lender. Promoter pledging is closely watched — high promoter pledge levels can be a red flag as lenders may sell pledged shares if the stock price falls
The process of realigning the weightings of assets in a portfolio by buying or selling holdings to maintain the original desired level of asset allocation. For example
A simplified tax scheme under Section 44AD and 44ADA that allows small businesses and professionals to declare income as a fixed percentage of turnover
A valuation metric calculated by dividing a company's current share price by its earnings per share. A high PE suggests investors expect strong future growth; a low PE may indicate undervaluation or weak growth prospects. PE varies significantly across sectors.
A Reserve Bank of India mandate requiring banks to lend a specified percentage of their adjusted net bank credit to priority sectors such as agriculture